BRICS summit Brazil 2025
Brazil’s President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva speaks during the BRICS Summit, at the Museum of Modern Art in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on July 6, 2025.
Ricardo Moraes | Reuters
The BRICS bloc of developing nations on Sunday condemned the increase in tariffs and attacks on Iran, but refrained from naming U.S. President Donald Trump. The group’s declaration, which also took aim at Israel’s military actions in the Middle East, also spared its member Russia from criticism and mentioned war-torn Ukraine just once.
The two-day summit was marked by the absence of two of its most powerful members. China’s President Xi Jinping did not attend a BRICS summit for the first time since he became his country’s leader in 2012. Russian President Vladimir Putin, who spoke via videoconference, continues to mostly avoid traveling abroad due to an international arrest warrant issued after Russia invaded Ukraine.
In an indirect swipe at the U.S., the group’s declaration raised “serious concerns” about the rise of tariffs which it said were “inconsistent with WTO (World Trade Organization) rules.” The BRICS added that those restrictions “threaten to reduce global trade, disrupt global supply chains, and introduce uncertainty.”
Brazil’s President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who hosted the summit, criticized NATO’s decision to hike military spending by 5% of GDP annually by 2035. That sentiment was later echoed in the group’s declaration.
“It is always easier to invest in war than in peace,” Lula said at the opening of the summit, which is scheduled to continue on Monday.
Iran in attendance
Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, who was expected to attend the summit before the attacks on his country in June, sent his foreign minister, Abbas Araghchi, to the meeting in Rio.
The group’s declaration criticized the attacks on Iran without mentioning the U.S. or Israel, the two nations that conducted them.
In his speech, Araghchi informed leaders that he had advocated for every member of the United Nations to strongly condemn Israel. He added Israel and the U.S. should be accountable for rights violations. The Iranian foreign minister said the aftermath of the war “will not be limited” to one country.
“The entire region and beyond will be damaged,” Araghchi said.
BRICS leaders expressed “grave concern” for the humanitarian situation in Gaza, called for the release of all hostages, a return to the negotiating table and reaffirmed their commitment to the two-state solution.
Later, Iran’s Araghchi stated in a separate message on the messaging app Telegram that his government had expressed reservations regarding a two-state solution in a note, saying it would not work “just as it has not worked in the past.”
Also on Telegram, Russia’s foreign ministry in another statement named the U.S. and Israel, and condemned the “unprovoked military strikes” against Iran.
Russian President Vladimir Putin participates in the BRICS Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, via videolink from Moscow, Russia, on July 6, 2025.
Mikhail Metzel | Via Reuters
Russia spared
The group’s 31-page declaration mentions Ukraine just once, while condemning “in the strongest terms” recent Ukrainian attacks on Russia.
“We recall our national positions concerning the conflict in Ukraine as expressed in the appropriate fora, including the U.N. Security Council and the U.N. General Assembly,” the group said.
João Alfredo Nyegray, an international business and geopolitics professor at the Pontifical Catholic University in Parana, said the summit could have played a role in showing an alternative to an unstable world, but it won’t do so.
“The withdrawal of Egypt’s President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi and the uncertainty about the level of representation for countries like Iran, Saudi Arabia and the UAE are confirming the difficulty for the BRICS to establish themselves as a cohesive pole of global leadership,” Nyegray said. “This moment demands high-level articulation, but we are actually seeing dispersion.”
Avoid Trump’s tariffs
While Lula advocated on Sunday for reforming Western-led global institutions, Brazil sought to avoid becoming a target of higher tariffs.
Trump has threatened to impose 100% tariffs against the bloc if it takes any steps to undermine the dollar. Last year, at the summit hosted by Russia in Kazan, the Kremlin sought to develop alternatives to U.S.-dominated payment systems, which would allow it to dodge Western sanctions imposed after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022
Brazil decided to focus on less controversial issues in the summit, such as promoting trade relations between members and global health, after Trump returned to the White House, said Ana Garcia, a professor at the Rio de Janeiro Federal Rural University.
“Brazil wants the least amount of damage possible and to…
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